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Instrumentation is called as a Heart of Automation. The answer of this, is in the definition of the Instrumentation. Instrumentation is the collective term used for measuring instruments that are used for indicating, measuring and recording physical quantities such as flow, temperature, level, distance, angle or pressure. To make a process automatic we first need to know, measure, or record the process variables. And without knowing or measuring the physical quantities or changes in it we can't control the process, That's why instrumentation is called  Heart of  the Automation.

1. Accuracy :- It is a degree of Closeness with which the reading on the instrument approaches to the true value of the quantity to be measured. eg. :- Suppose you have a conductor which diameter is of 3.325 mm exactly. now when you measure it by a micrometer whose least count is of 10 micro meter or a 0.01 mm, then you may get the reading as 3.32 mm which is somewhat correct, but not accurate. so to measure it you need a micrometer whose least count should be 1 micro meter(0.001 mm) or a 5 micro meter(0.005 mm ) then you can get more accurate readings.

Static and Dynamic characteristics  are the Performance characteristics of instrument. "Performance characteristic of instrument is nothing but the characteristic observed during test or during operation of the instrument."